Rud an-tábhachtach é ag na foghlaimeoirí Béarlachas (an cineál tionchar ón mBéarla nach bhfuil inghlactha) a sheachaint, agus ní bhíonn sé furasta a rá cé acu atá cineál áirithe Béarlachais inghlactha nó nach bhfuil. Mé féin tá mé ag iarraidh an Béarlachas seanbhunaithe a aithint thar an mBéarlachas nua, agus Béarlachas na Gaeltachta a aithint thar bhotúin na bhfoghlaimeoirí.
On the other hand, it should be noted that Gaeltacht anglicisms come and go, and - iontas na n-iontas, wonder of wonders - it is not at all unheard of that a classical writer whose books and stories we are asked to look upon as something to cherish and imitate uses anglicisms that have gone out of use.
Ón taobh eile de, ní mór a thabhairt faoi deara gur rud éagobhsaí neamhbhuan é an Béarlachas i nGaeilge na Gaeltachta. Nuair a bhíos tú ag léamh shaothar na scríbhneoirí clasaiceacha ón nGaeltacht a mholtar do na foghlaimeoirí, uaireanta castar teilgean nó dul cainte ort a tháinig ón mBéarla agus a chuaigh in éag idir an dá linn.
An example I can think of is Seán Bán Mac Meanman, whose Irish is delightfully rich Ulster Irish, but who makes use of the expression iompar amach for translating the abstract sense of the English expression to carry out. In today's Irish, this would never occur to any even moderately fluent speaker, because the more Gaelic expressions comhlíonadh and cur i gcrích are all over the place.
Sampla is féidir liom a lua ar an toirt é Seán Bán Mac Meanman. An saghas Gaeilge a scríobhas sé is canúint bhreá Ultach é, ach uaireanta d'fheicfeá ag úsáid "iompar amach" é le ciall theibí na bhfocal "carry out" sa Bhéarla a chur in iúl. Is fánach a scríobhfadh an foghlaimeoir idirmheánach féin a leithéid inniu, chomh coitianta is a bhíos "comhlíonadh" agus "cur i gcrích".
When asked to define unacceptable Anglicisms, I would suggest above all syntactic features:
Má chuireann tú an cheist orm, céard is "Béarlachas doghlactha" ann, is iad na struchtúir chomhréire is mó a rithfeas liom:
- using forms of tá where only is is appropriate;/"tá" a úsáid in áit "is";
- using prepositions in a way modelled on English;/úsáid na réamhfhocal a mhúnlú ar an mBéarla;
- using articles where they are not appropriate: in English we might say the president of the Republic, but in Irish it is Uachtarán na Poblachta, and it would be out and out wrong to add an article before the first noun/an t-alt a úsáid san áit nach bhfuil sé ag teastáil: is éard a deirimid as Béarla ná "the president of the Republic", ach is é "Uachtarán na Poblachta" an ceartleagan, agus bheadh sé mícheart ar fad alt a chur roimh an gcéad ainmfhocal acu
- translating word for word from English wherever there are more Irish expressions./aistriú focal ar fhocal ón mBéarla nuair a bhíos leaganacha cainte Gaelacha ar fáil.
I am less preoccupied with English loanwords that are well adapted to the Irish system of declensions and conjugations. Sometimes people suggest that I shouldn't use English words such as músaem, and prefer iarsmalann instead. Myself, I happily use both. It is good to use an international word which fits neatly in, such as músaem, and it is similarly good to use a word using an Irish derivative suffix, such as iarsmalann. Similarly, I am happy to use teileafón, fón, and guthán interchangeably, although the fact that fón isn't quite assimilated to the Irish initial mutation system does make me somewhat wary about it. (Incidentally, I picked up guthán from an Ulster native speaker, so don't tell me native speakers don't use guthán and similar terms.)
Níl mé chomh buartha céanna faoi na focail iasachta ón mBéarla a chuaigh in oiriúint do chóras gramadaí na Gaeilge. Uaireanta molann Gaeilgeoirí dom nach mba chóir dom focail Bhéarla cosúil le músaem a úsáid, seachas iarsmalann. Mé féin tá mé breá sásta an dá fhocal a úsáid. Ní théann sé chun dochair don teanga leas a bhaint as focal seanbhunaithe seanoiriúnaithe idirnáisiúnta cosúil le músaem, agus san am chéanna ní drochrud é ar aon nós focal fréamhaithe dúchasach cosúil le iarsmalann a bheith ar fáil dúinn. Cosúil leis sin is breá liom teacht a bheith agam ar teileafón, fón agus guthán araon, agus ní leasc liom aon cheann acu a úsáid, cé go seachnaím foirmeacha áirithe de chuid an fhocail fón, ós rud é nach ndeachaigh an focal in oiriúint do chóras na gclaochluithe tosaigh. (Dála an scéil, d'fhoghlaim mé an focal úd guthán ó chainteoir dúchais Ultach. Mar sin ná bígí ag áitiú orm nach n-úsáidfeadh cainteoirí dúchais focail nuachumtha cosúil leis an gceann sin.)
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